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Civil Rights · c.1772–1802

La Mulâtresse Solitude

Born on a slave ship en route to the French Caribbean and raised in bondage in Guadeloupe, Solitude joined the maroon resistance and, while heavily pregnant, fought alongside Louis Delgrès in the 1802 revolt against Napoleon's decree reinstating slavery. Captured after the rebellion's defeat at Matouba, she was held until she gave birth and then hanged the following day, on 29 November 1802. Now a national heroine of Guadeloupe and honored with statues in Les Abymes, Bagneux, and the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris, she stands as a symbol of Black women's resistance to slavery in the Atlantic world.

“Vivre libre ou mourir. — To live free or die.”

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